Unseen Passage for Class 12 – Latest content

Unseen Passage for Class 12 – Latest content 2025. Looking for a place to polish your unseen passages for upcoming board exams . Worry no more. You have come to the best place. Explore the best and unique passages curated for the students who want to excel. Practice to polish your skills and shine in the exams. Here you can find new and latest content never seen anywhere before. At PIPE IN TECH we have passages from CBSE Previous Year Questions so that you can prepare precisely  and be more focused for the upcoming CBSE Class 12 Board Examinations.

Every year students face more and more intense questions, so to tackle this we have curated the passages accordingly with different difficulty levels like easy moderate and hard. Solving the passages in time helps students to understand time management, difficulty and latest questions type, total number of questions and their difficulty, and board examinations patterns.

For more practice head over to the library of Unseen Passages

Solved Unseen Passage for Class 12

Passage 1: Easy (Sex Ratio)

The sex ratio, which represents the number of females per 1,000 males, is a critical demographic indicator. It not only reflects the social and cultural norms of a society but also highlights its gender equity. In many parts of the world, an imbalanced sex ratio has become a pressing concern. Factors such as preference for male children, lack of education, and socio-economic pressures contribute significantly to this issue.

India, for instance, has grappled with an uneven sex ratio for decades. Census reports have consistently revealed a decline in the number of females compared to males. Despite various government initiatives such as Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, the gap remains significant in certain regions. A skewed sex ratio can lead to severe consequences, including a rise in crimes like trafficking and forced marriages, as the availability of women decreases in society.

Education and awareness are pivotal in addressing this problem. Communities must be taught the value of gender equality, and strict enforcement of laws against practices like female feticide is essential. Moreover, empowering women through better healthcare, education, and economic opportunities can create a balanced and thriving society.

---

Questions

MCQs

1. What does the sex ratio represent?
   a) Number of males per 1,000 females
   b) Number of females per 1,000 males
   c) Total population divided by 2
   d) Gender disparity index
2. Which initiative aims to improve the sex ratio in India?
   a) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
   b) Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
   c) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
   d) Ayushman Bharat
3. A skewed sex ratio can lead to:
   a) Economic growth
   b) Decline in population
   c) Increase in crimes
   d) Improved gender equality
4. Which factor does NOT contribute to an imbalanced sex ratio?
   a) Preference for male children
   b) Equal educational opportunities
   c) Socio-economic pressures
   d) Female feticide
5. What is the meaning of “skewed” as used in the passage?
   a) Balanced
   b) Distorted
   c) Enhanced
   d) Reduced
6. Which region in India faces significant sex ratio issues?
   a) Southern states
   b) Western regions
   c) Northern states
   d) None of the above

True/False

1. The sex ratio measures the number of males per 1,000 females.
2. Female feticide contributes to an imbalanced sex ratio.
3. Education has no role in addressing the sex ratio issue.
4. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao focuses on women’s empowerment.
5. A skewed sex ratio has no social consequences.

Fill in the Blanks

1. The __________ ratio reflects the demographic distribution of males and females.
2. India’s sex ratio has been consistently __________.
3. __________ education can address the issue of gender inequality.
4. Female __________ remains a challenge in many regions of India.
5. A balanced sex ratio promotes __________ in society.
6. __________ regions in India often show higher gender disparity.

---

Answers

MCQs

1. b) Number of females per 1,000 males
2. b) Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
3. c) Increase in crimes
4. b) Equal educational opportunities
5. b) Distorted
6. c) Northern states

True/False

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Fill in the Blanks

1. Sex
2. Declining
3. Quality
4. Feticide
5. Equality
6. Northern

Passage 2: Easy – Global Warming

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average temperature, primarily due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. These activities release greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to a rise in global temperatures. This phenomenon is causing numerous environmental issues, including rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems.

One of the most noticeable effects of global warming is the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. As these ice masses melt, the water flows into the oceans, raising sea levels. This process threatens coastal cities and ecosystems. Additionally, as global temperatures rise, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like hurricanes, heatwaves, and droughts also increase, which affects agriculture and human health.

The economic impact of global warming is significant. The damage caused by extreme weather events costs governments billions of dollars each year. Moreover, the agricultural sector is highly vulnerable to climate change. Warmer temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns can damage crops, leading to food shortages and higher food prices.

To mitigate the effects of global warming, countries around the world must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. This can be achieved by transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and improving energy efficiency. Additionally, individuals can contribute by reducing energy consumption, using public transportation, and supporting policies aimed at environmental protection.

MCQs:

1. What is the main cause of global warming?
   a) Natural climate cycles
   b) Burning fossil fuels
   c) Deforestation
   d) Solar radiation
2. What happens as polar ice caps and glaciers melt?
   a) Sea levels decrease
   b) Water flows into the oceans, raising sea levels
   c) The temperature of the oceans decreases
   d) The earth’s average temperature drops
3. What is one consequence of extreme weather events caused by global warming?
   a) Increased crop yields
   b) Damage to agriculture
   c) Decrease in food prices
   d) Decreased frequency of heatwaves
4. What is a key way to mitigate global warming?
   a) Increasing fossil fuel consumption
   b) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
   c) Expanding coal mining
   d) Ignoring environmental policies
5. How can individuals contribute to reducing global warming?
   a) By using more energy
   b) By driving more frequently
   c) By supporting renewable energy and reducing energy consumption
   d) By increasing deforestation
6. Global warming is primarily caused by the release of ________ gases.
   a) Greenhouse
   b) Nitrogen
   c) Oxygen
   d) Carbon dioxide

True/False:

1. Global warming is caused by natural climate cycles.
2. Rising sea levels threaten coastal cities.
3. Extreme weather events caused by global warming benefit agriculture.
4. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions can help mitigate global warming.
5. Individuals cannot play a role in reducing global warming.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases such as ________ dioxide.
2. The melting of ice caps raises ________ levels.
3. Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are increasing due to ________ warming.
4. The agricultural sector is vulnerable to ________ change.
5. Countries must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning to ________ energy sources.
6. Individuals can contribute to reducing global warming by using ________ transportation.

Answers:

MCQs:

1. b) Burning fossil fuels
2. b) Water flows into the oceans, raising sea levels
3. b) Damage to agriculture
4. b) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
5. c) By supporting renewable energy and reducing energy consumption
6. a) Greenhouse

True/False:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Fill in the Blanks:

1. carbon
2. sea
3. global
4. climate
5. renewable
6. public

Passage 3: Moderate – Medieval Indian History

Medieval Indian history spans from the 6th century to the 18th century and is marked by significant political, cultural, and economic developments. The period is characterized by the rise and fall of powerful kingdoms and empires. Some of the most notable rulers of this era include the Guptas, Rajputs, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire.

The Gupta Empire (320-550 CE) is often considered a golden age in Indian history due to its advancements in science, art, and culture. The period saw the rise of Hinduism as the dominant religion, and significant achievements were made in mathematics, astronomy, and literature. Notably, the mathematician Aryabhata made groundbreaking contributions during this period.

In the 12th century, the Delhi Sultanate emerged as a powerful force in northern India. It marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India, and the rulers of the Sultanate expanded their territories significantly. The Delhi Sultanate also played a crucial role in the cultural fusion between Hindu and Muslim traditions, which led to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture, language, and art.

The Mughal Empire, established by Babur in 1526, is one of the most significant empires in Indian history. Under the rule of Akbar the Great, the Mughal Empire reached its zenith. Akbar was known for his policy of religious tolerance and efforts to unite the diverse peoples of India. His administration promoted art, culture, and trade, leading to significant economic prosperity.

However, the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 17th century marked a period of political fragmentation, with regional kingdoms asserting their independence. The Marathas, Sikhs, and Rajputs became dominant forces in this period of decentralization. The eventual British colonialism in the 18th century brought an end to the medieval era, but the cultural and architectural legacies of this period remain influential in modern India.

MCQs:

1. The Gupta Empire is considered a golden age due to advancements in which fields?
   a) Mathematics, astronomy, and literature
   b) Architecture, engineering, and art
   c) Medicine, agriculture, and philosophy
   d) Trade, politics, and culture
2. The Delhi Sultanate began in which century?
   a) 6th century
   b) 12th century
   c) 15th century
   d) 18th century
3. Akbar the Great was known for his policy of ________.
   a) Religious intolerance
   b) Promoting art and culture
   c) Religious tolerance
   d) Expanding military power
4. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
   a) Humayun
   b) Babur
   c) Akbar
   d) Shah Jahan
5. The Marathas, Sikhs, and Rajputs became dominant forces during the decline of the ________ Empire.
   a) Gupta
   b) Mughal
   c) Maurya
   d) Delhi Sultanate
6. The cultural fusion between Hindu and Muslim traditions in medieval India resulted in the development of ________ architecture.
   a) Indo-Islamic
   b) Romanesque
   c) Gothic
   d) Byzantine

True/False:

1. The Gupta Empire made significant contributions in mathematics, astronomy, and literature.
2. The Delhi Sultanate was established in the 15th century.
3. Akbar the Great promoted religious intolerance in his empire.
4. The Mughal Empire declined in the late 17th century.
5. The British colonialism brought an end to the medieval era in India.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The Gupta Empire is known for its achievements in ________, astronomy, and literature.
2. The Delhi Sultanate marked the beginning of ________ rule in India.
3. Akbar’s reign is marked by his policy of ________ tolerance.
4. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, defeated the ________ in 1526.
5. The Marathas, Sikhs, and Rajputs rose to power during the decline of the ________ Empire.
6. Indo-Islamic architecture developed as a result of the fusion between Hindu and ________ traditions.

Answers:

MCQs:

1. a) Mathematics, astronomy, and literature
2. b) 12th century
3. c) Religious tolerance
4. b) Babur
5. b) Mughal
6. a) Indo-Islamic

True/False:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. mathematics
2. Muslim
3. religious
4. Rajputs
5. Mughal
6. Muslim

---

Passage 4: Moderate – Waste Management

Waste management is a critical issue that impacts both the environment and human health. With increasing urbanization and population growth, the amount of waste generated globally has been steadily rising. Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting, processing, and disposing of waste materials. It involves various methods and technologies aimed at reducing the impact of waste on the environment and promoting sustainability.

There are several types of waste, including municipal waste, industrial waste, and hazardous waste. Municipal waste consists of everyday items discarded by households and businesses, such as paper, plastics, food waste, and packaging materials. Industrial waste includes by-products from manufacturing processes, while hazardous waste consists of materials that are toxic, flammable, or corrosive and pose a risk to health and the environment.

Effective waste management strategies focus on the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle. Reducing the amount of waste generated can be achieved through efficient production methods and consumer behavior. Reusing products and materials helps to conserve resources and reduce the need for new raw materials. Recycling involves the conversion of waste materials into new products, which helps to save energy and reduce landfill usage.

Composting is another important aspect of waste management, particularly for organic waste such as food scraps and yard trimmings. Composting helps to turn organic waste into nutrient-rich soil, which can be used in agriculture and landscaping. In addition, waste-to-energy technologies, such as incineration, can be used to generate electricity from waste, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels.

Governments and organizations around the world have implemented various waste management programs to encourage responsible waste disposal and reduce environmental pollution. Public awareness campaigns and the introduction of recycling programs in cities are essential for promoting proper waste management practices. However, challenges such as lack of infrastructure, inadequate recycling facilities, and a lack of public awareness continue to hinder effective waste management.

MCQs:

1. What is waste management?
   a) The process of manufacturing products
   b) The process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of waste
   c) The recycling of raw materials
   d) The creation of waste reduction programs
2. Which type of waste includes by-products from manufacturing?
   a) Municipal waste
   b) Industrial waste
   c) Hazardous waste
   d) E-waste
3. The principle of ________ focuses on reducing the amount of waste generated.
   a) Reduce
   b) Recycle
   c) Reuse
   d) Recover
4. Which waste management process converts organic waste into nutrient-rich soil?
   a) Incineration
   b) Recycling
   c) Composting
   d) Landfilling
5. Waste-to-energy technologies, such as incineration, help generate ________.
   a) Water
   b) Fertilizers
   c) Electricity
   d) Raw materials
6. What is the main challenge to effective waste management?
   a) Overuse of recycling programs
   b) Lack of infrastructure and awareness
   c) Excessive use of composting
   d) High recycling rates

True/False:

1. Industrial waste includes everyday items discarded by households.
2. Composting is used to convert organic waste into fertilizer.
3. Waste-to-energy technologies can help reduce the need for fossil fuels.
4. Recycling is not an important part of waste management.
5. Public awareness campaigns are essential for proper waste management.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Waste management involves collecting, transporting, processing, and ________ waste.
2. Municipal waste includes items like ________, food waste, and plastics.
3. The principle of reduce, reuse, and ________ helps to manage waste.
4. Composting turns organic waste into ________ soil.
5. Waste-to-energy technologies, such as ________, can generate electricity from waste.
6. Lack of ________ and awareness hinders effective waste management.

Answers:

MCQs:

1. b) The process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of waste
2. b) Industrial waste
3. a) Reduce
4. c) Composting
5. c) Electricity
6. b) Lack of infrastructure and awareness

True/False:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. disposing
2. paper
3. recycle
4. nutrient-rich
5. incineration
6. infrastructure

Passage 5: Hard – E-Waste

E-waste, or electronic waste, refers to discarded electrical or electronic devices. This category includes anything from old computers, smartphones, and televisions to broken household appliances. As technology evolves, newer gadgets and devices are constantly replacing older ones, leading to an ever-increasing amount of e-waste being generated globally. The rapid pace of technological advancements, coupled with the growing consumer demand for the latest electronics, has exacerbated the problem of e-waste disposal.

One of the most significant issues with e-waste is that it contains a variety of hazardous materials, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants. When e-waste is improperly discarded, these substances can leak into the environment, contaminating soil, water, and air. The health risks associated with exposure to these materials are severe, including neurological damage, respiratory issues, and developmental disorders in children. Additionally, improper disposal of e-waste contributes to the contamination of the ecosystem, affecting wildlife and biodiversity.

Despite these concerns, e-waste also presents an opportunity for resource recovery. Many electronic devices contain valuable metals, such as gold, silver, copper, and rare earth elements, that can be recycled and reused. In fact, e-waste has become a source of secondary raw materials for the electronics industry, with some companies specializing in e-waste recycling to recover these precious metals. However, the recycling process is not without its challenges. E-waste recycling requires specialized equipment and processes to safely extract metals and other materials, which makes it a costly and energy-intensive procedure.

Global efforts to manage e-waste have increased over the years, with many countries now implementing regulations and programs aimed at reducing e-waste generation and promoting responsible disposal. Some countries have established take-back schemes and extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies, where manufacturers are required to take back used products for recycling. However, the effectiveness of these programs remains debated, as many illegal dumping practices and informal recycling operations still persist, especially in developing countries where proper e-waste management infrastructure is lacking.

The need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions to e-waste disposal is critical. Public awareness campaigns, stronger international cooperation, and better enforcement of regulations are necessary to address the growing e-waste problem. Furthermore, technological innovation in e-waste recycling methods and the development of more durable, repairable products could reduce the demand for new electronics, leading to a decrease in the overall volume of e-waste generated.

MCQs:

1. What is a major concern associated with e-waste?
   a) The low cost of disposal
   b) The hazardous materials contained in electronic devices
   c) The high demand for electronic products
   d) The ease of recycling
2. Which of the following materials found in e-waste can be harmful to human health?
   a) Oxygen
   b) Lead, mercury, and cadmium
   c) Water
   d) Carbon dioxide
3. What valuable resources can be recovered from e-waste?
   a) Wood and rubber
   b) Gold, silver, and rare earth elements
   c) Water and oil
   d) Plastic and glass
4. What is one of the challenges in e-waste recycling?
   a) It is too easy to recycle
   b) It is costly and energy-intensive
   c) It requires no specialized equipment
   d) The process is quick and efficient
5. Which of the following policies encourages manufacturers to take back used products for recycling?
   a) Take-back schemes
   b) Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
   c) Landfill diversion
   d) Zero waste programs
6. What could help reduce the overall volume of e-waste generated?
   a) Promoting disposable electronics
   b) Technological innovation in e-waste recycling
   c) Increasing e-waste exports to other countries
   d) Encouraging people to discard electronics more frequently

True/False:

1. E-waste contains only harmless materials that do not pose any environmental risks.
2. E-waste recycling can recover valuable metals like gold and copper.
3. Improper disposal of e-waste can result in contamination of soil, water, and air.
4. Informal recycling operations are safe and efficient for handling e-waste.
5. Take-back schemes and EPR policies have been universally successful in reducing e-waste.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. E-waste includes discarded ________ and electronic devices.
2. Harmful substances such as lead and ________ are found in e-waste.
3. E-waste can be a source of valuable metals, including ________ and copper.
4. Recycling e-waste requires ________ equipment and specialized processes.
5. E-waste management infrastructure is often lacking in ________ countries.
6. One solution to e-waste disposal is to encourage the development of more ________ products.

Answers:

MCQs:

1. b) The hazardous materials contained in electronic devices
2. b) Lead, mercury, and cadmium
3. b) Gold, silver, and rare earth elements
4. b) It is costly and energy-intensive
5. b) Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
6. b) Technological innovation in e-waste recycling

True/False:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

Fill in the Blanks:

1. electrical
2. mercury
3. gold
4. specialized
5. developing
6. durable

---

Passage 6: Hard – Waste Management in the Modern World

In the modern world, waste management has become a complex and urgent challenge. With the increasing population, industrialization, and urbanization, the amount of waste generated worldwide is rising at an alarming rate. Effective waste management is crucial to maintaining environmental sustainability, preventing the contamination of natural resources, and protecting human health.

Waste can be broadly classified into two categories: solid waste and liquid waste. Solid waste consists of materials such as plastics, metals, glass, paper, and organic waste, while liquid waste includes wastewater, sewage, and other forms of liquid waste produced by households and industries. Both types of waste pose significant risks to the environment when improperly managed.

The concept of waste management involves various strategies, including waste reduction, recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy processes. Waste reduction aims to minimize the volume of waste generated by encouraging sustainable production and consumption patterns. Recycling involves the collection and processing of materials like paper, plastic, and metals, so they can be reused in the production of new goods. Composting is the process of converting organic waste into nutrient-rich soil, which can be used to enrich the land and improve agriculture.

Waste-to-energy technologies are becoming increasingly popular as a way to generate electricity from waste. Incineration, for example, involves burning waste to produce heat, which can then be converted into electrical energy. While waste-to-energy technologies have the potential to reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills, they also pose environmental challenges. The burning of waste can release toxic gases and particulate matter into the air, contributing to air pollution and climate change.

In many developed countries, waste management systems are highly organized and regulated. Local authorities have established waste segregation practices, where residents separate recyclable materials from non-recyclable ones. These practices help ensure that valuable resources are recovered, and less waste ends up in landfills. However, in developing countries, waste management infrastructure is often inadequate, leading to widespread pollution and health risks.

Another growing concern is the improper disposal of hazardous waste, including chemicals, batteries, and medical waste. Hazardous waste requires specialized handling and disposal methods to prevent contamination of soil, water, and air. In some regions, illegal dumping of hazardous waste has become a significant problem, exacerbating the environmental crisis.

Global efforts to tackle the waste management crisis include promoting sustainable consumption, enhancing waste management infrastructure, and enforcing stricter regulations on waste disposal. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives depends on the willingness of governments, industries, and individuals to collaborate in reducing waste and adopting more sustainable practices.

MCQs:

1. What is the main purpose of waste management?
   a) To reduce the amount of waste produced
   b) To prevent environmental contamination and protect human health
   c) To create new products from waste
   d) To make waste disposal faster
2. Which of the following is an example of liquid waste?
   a) Glass
   b) Plastics
   c) Wastewater
   d) Paper
3. What is the primary goal of recycling?
   a) To increase the volume of waste
   b) To reuse materials in the production of new goods
   c) To eliminate waste entirely
   d) To burn waste
4. Which waste management technique turns organic waste into nutrient-rich soil?
   a) Incineration
   b) Composting
   c) Landfilling
   d) Recycling
5. What is a potential environmental concern with waste-to-energy technologies?
   a) They can lead to soil contamination
   b) They produce greenhouse gases
   c) They release toxic gases and particulate matter
   d) They increase landfill waste
6. In developing countries, waste management infrastructure is often ________.
   a) Highly organized
   b) Inadequate
   c) Excessive
   d) Fully developed

True/False:

1. Waste management aims to protect human health and prevent contamination of natural resources.
2. Waste reduction is the process of turning organic waste into soil.
3. Incineration is an example of a waste-to-energy technology.
4. Waste management infrastructure in developed countries is often insufficient.
5. Improper disposal of hazardous waste can lead to environmental pollution.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Waste management involves strategies such as waste reduction, recycling, composting, and _________.
2. Solid waste includes materials like paper, plastics, metals, and ________ waste.
3. Recycling helps to reuse materials in the production of ________ goods.
4. Waste-to-energy technologies like incineration convert waste into ________.
5. In many developing countries, waste management systems are _________.
6. Hazardous waste, including chemicals and medical waste, requires ________ disposal methods.

Answers:

MCQs:

1. b) To prevent environmental contamination and protect human health
2. c) Wastewater
3. b) To reuse materials in the production of new goods
4. b) Composting
5. c) They release toxic gases and particulate matter
6. b) Inadequate

True/False:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. waste-to-energy
2. organic
3. new
4. energy
5. inadequate
6. specialized

Conclusion :

Hope you likes our content. Practice and shine.For more head over to out huge and well curated library of Unseen Passage. Analyse your answers to find your weakspots. Work on them to improve them and excel. See you in the next one.

Click here to check out previous post for more practice.